Análisis y contraste del sistema de selección de la alta magistratura en Honduras

In the different laws of countries are established schemes to choose the High Judiciary as it is observed in studies among which stand out those carried out by Gutierrez de Colmenarez (2006) and (Guarín et al., 2019). In this context, it is intended to analyze and contrast the new system of selection of the Judiciary adopted by Honduras, using the qualitative approach of juridical research, legal hermeneutics, documentary analysis and Comparative Law. Then, it can be affirmed that there is an evolution about compliance with internationals standards however this was not extensive to the Legislature which continues deciding politically. Consequently, this circumstance is not different from other regional countries but in relation with Italy, it is too simplified. From the analysis it is observed that new process is based on principles that promote the strengthening of the Rule of Law, as well as it is evident that while the Legislature continues to choose the High Judiciary without criteria standardization and discrediting the judicial career it does not represent a deep reform. Regarding the comparative with other legislations there are minimal differences, the only important one is related to the entity that defines the profile of candidates and appoint them.En las diversas legislaciones se establecen sistemas de selección y nombramiento de magistrados, como se puede apreciar en estudios entre los que destacan los de Gutiérrez de Colmenares (2006) y (Guarín et al., 2019).  En este contexto, se pretende analizar y comparar el nuevo sistema de selección de la Alta Magistratura adoptado por Honduras, empleando el enfoque cualitativo de la investigación jurídica, la hermenéutica jurídica, con técnicas de análisis documental y Derecho Comparado. Encontrando que sí existe cierta evolución respecto al cumplimiento de estándares internacionales, sin embargo, esto no fue extensivo al legislativo quien continúa la práctica de decidir políticamente este nombramiento. Tal situación no es distinta a otros Estados regionales, aunque muy simplificada en relación a países referentes, como Italia.  En consecuencia, a partir del análisis se puede afirmar que el nuevo proceso está basado en principios que propician el fortalecimiento del Estado de Derecho, pero no es un aporte sustancial mientras el legislativo siga seleccionando la alta magistratura sin estandarización de criterios y desmeritando la carrera judicial. Finalmente, respecto al análisis comparativo con otras legislaciones, existen mínimas diferencias, la única importante es relativa a la entidad que define los perfiles de los candidatos y los elige

Myeloid cells in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Possible therapeutic targets?

Growing evidence supports the suggestion that the peripheral immune system plays a role in different pathologies associated with cognitive impairment, such as vascular dementia (VD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this review is to summarize, within the peripheral immune system, the implications of different types of myeloid cells in AD and VD, with a special focus on post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID). We will review the contributions of the myeloid lineage, from peripheral cells (neutrophils, platelets, monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages) to central nervous system (CNS)-associated cells (perivascular macrophages and microglia). Finally, we will evaluate different potential strategies for pharmacological modulation of pathological processes mediated by myeloid cell subsets, with an emphasis on neutrophils, their interaction with platelets and the process of immunothrombosis that triggers neutrophil-dependent capillary stall and hypoperfusion, as possible effector mechanisms that may pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues to stop dementia, the epidemic of our time.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN), Grant/Award Number: PID2019-106581RB-I00; Leducq Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Grant/Award Numbers: TNE19CVD01, TNE-21CVD04; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund “A Way to Achieve Europe”, Grant/Award Numbers: PI20/00535, RICORSICTUSRD21/0006/0001; Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence, Grant/Award Number: CEX2020-001041-S.S

Modification of the activity of an a-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis by several surfactants

The influence of different commercial surfactants on the enzymatic activity of a commercial α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis (Termamyl 300 L) has been studied. As non-ionic surfactants, alkyl polyglycosides (Glucopon® 215, Glucopon® 600 and Glucopon® 650) were studied, as were fatty alcohol ethoxylates (Findet 1214N/23 and Findet 10/15), and nonyl phenol ethoxylate (Findet 9Q/21.5NF). Also, an anionic surfactant, linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) was assayed. In general, none of the non-ionic surfactants studied, except Findet 10/15, vary substantially the enzymatic activity. Findet 10/15 has the strongest hydrophobic character and reduces the enzymatic activity more significantly the greater its concentration. Regarding LAS, this surfactant significantly depressed enzymatic activity, presumably due to the electrostatic interactions caused by its anionic character.Fellowship awarded to Juan Francisco Martínez Gallegos by Spanish Ministry of Science and Education, FPU fellowships program

Implementación de asignaturas “english friendly” en la titulación de grado en turismo

Memoria ID-073. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2013-2014

Spirometry and respiratory oscillometry: Feasibility and concordance in schoolchildren with asthma

Producción CientíficaObjective:The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility of respiratory oscillometry (RO) in schoolchildren with asthma, and the concordance of its results with those of spirometry, to determine its clinical usefulness. Methods:RO and spirometry were performed in 154 children (6 to 14-year-old) with asthma, following strict quality criteria for the tests. Their feasibility (probability of valid test, time of execution, number of maneuvers needed to achieve a valid test, and perceived difficulty) was compared. The factors that influence feasibility were analyzed with multivariate methods. FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FVC and FEF25-75 for spirometry, and R5, AX and R5-19 for RO, were converted into z-scores and their concordance was investigated through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and kappa indices for normal/abnormal values. Results:There were no differences in the probability of obtaining a valid RO or spirometry (83.1% vs. 81.8%, p = 0.868). RO required a lower number of maneuvers [mean (SD) 4.2 (1.8) versus 6.0 (1.6), p < 0.001] and less execution time [5.1 (2.7) versus 7.6 (2.4) minutes, p < 0.001], and patients considered it less difficult. Age increased the probability of obtaining valid RO and spirometry. The concordance of results between RO and spirometry was low, and only between zFEV1 and zAX could it be considered moderate (ICC = 0.412, kappa = 0.427). Conclusion:RO and spirometry are feasible in children with asthma. RO has some practical advantages, but the concordance of its results with spirometry is low.Junta de Castilla y León (Gerencia Regional de Salud - Grant/Award Number: 2191/A/2020

CD229 (Ly9) a Novel Biomarker for B-Cell Malignancies and Multiple Myeloma

CD229 is a cell-surface molecule predominantly expressed on lymphocytes. Its expression in B-cell malignancies is poorly known. We tested the presence of this immunoreceptor on a large number of malignancies and normal tissue using a new monoclonal antibody and tissue microarrays. Our data show that CD229 expression is restricted to hematopoietic cells. It was strongly expressed in myeloma and marginal-zone lymphomas. Because of the high expression on multiple myeloma cells, we also analyze the presence of soluble CD229 in the sera of these patients. We showed that serum levels of soluble CD229 in myeloma patients, at the time of diagnosis, could be useful as a prognostic biomarker. Altogether, our results indicate that CD229 represents not only a useful disease biomarker but also an attractive therapeutic target. CD229 (Ly9) homophilic receptor, which belongs to the SLAM family of cell-surface molecules, is predominantly expressed on B and T cells. It acts as a signaling molecule, regulating lymphocyte homoeostasis and activation. Studies of CD229 function indicate that this receptor functions as a regulator of the development of marginal-zone B cells and other innate-like T and B lymphocytes. The expression on leukemias and lymphomas remains poorly understood due to the lack of CD229 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for immunohistochemistry application (IHC). In this study, we used a new mAb against the cytoplasmic region of CD229 to study the expression of CD229 on normal tissues and B-cell malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM), using tissue microarrays. We showed CD229 to be restricted to hematopoietic cells. It was strongly expressed in all cases of MM and in most marginal-zone lymphomas (MZL). Moderate CD229 expression was also found in chronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL), follicular (FL), classic mantle-cell (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Given the high expression on myeloma cells, we also analyzed for the presence of soluble CD229 in the sera of these patients. Serum levels of soluble CD229 (sCD229) at the time of diagnosis in MM patients could be useful as a prognostic biomarker. In conclusion, our results indicate that CD229 represents not only a useful biomarker but also an attractive therapeutic target

Diseño e implementación de una biblioteca digital de recursos para la acción tutorial entre estudiantes universitarios

Memoria ID-207. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019

Comportamiento epidemiológico de los factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en estudiantes universitarios

Describir el comportamiento epidemiológico de los factores de riesgo relacionados a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles asociados a hipertrigliceridemia presentes en los estudiantes del primer año de la carrera de Médico y Cirujano de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 1097 estudiantes, en los cuales se aplicó el cuestionario del método paso a paso para la vigilancia de factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas (STEPS) modificado. Se encontró 610 (56%) estudiantes sexo femenino, la media de edad fue de 19 años (±1.56); en relación a los factores de riesgo modificables: 219 (20%) consumen cigarrillo, 274 (25%) consumen alcohol nocivamente, 838 (76%) se alimentan de forma inadecuada, 887 (81%) no practica actividad física significativa; se identificó que 405 (37%) presentaron un índice cintura – cadera considerado de riesgo. En cuanto a los factores asociados a la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia: obesidad se identificó en 147 (13%) estudiantes (X2 de 104.98 y OR de 7), obesidad central en 204 (19%) (X2 de 55.74 y OR de 3), el sobrepeso en 330 (30%) (X2 de 53.4727 y OR de 3), presión arterial alta en 397 (36%) (X2 de 18.63 y OR de 2), y glucemia alterada en ayunas alta en 198 (18%) (X2 de 8.3 y OR de 2). La hipertrigliceridemia se presentó en 411 estudiantes (37%), siendo la edad más afectada la de 19 años. La mayoría de estudiantes estudiados es de sexo femenino. Existe una alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo modificables asociados a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, de estos se identificó que factores como obesidad, obesidad central, sobrepeso, presión arterial alta y glucemia alterada en ayunas alta tienen una significativa asociación al desarrollo de hipertrigliceridemia, con un aumento del riesgo de 7, 3, 3, 2 y 2, respectivamente